Which theory uses universalizable maxims and treating humanity as an end in itself?

• A. Categorical Imperative
• B. Natural Law
• C. Virtue Ethics
• D. Contractarianism

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is Kant's Categorical Imperative. It holds that you should act only on maxims you could will to become universal laws, meaning before you act you test whether the rule behind your action could reasonably apply to everyone in similar situations. If it would be workable and fair as a universal rule, the action is morally acceptable.

Another key aspect is treating humanity as an end in itself. That means recognizing the intrinsic worth and autonomy of every person, including yourself, and never using people merely as a means to your own goals.

These elements are distinctive to Kant’s deontological framework, which focuses on duty and principled rules rather than outcomes. In contrast, Natural Law centers on moral order in nature, Virtue Ethics on character and flourishing, and Contractarianism on agreements among rational beings. So the described theory is Kant's Categorical Imperative.