Which position claims there exist universal moral norms true for everyone?

• A. Justice
• B. Subjective relativism
• C. Moral objectivism
• D. Deontology

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is whether there are moral truths that apply to everyone, regardless of culture or personal opinion. That stance is moral objectivism: the view that there are objective moral norms—truths about right and wrong—that hold universally for all people.

Moral objectivism says some claims about morality are true in all circumstances and for all rational beings, not just because people happen to believe them or because a culture endorses them. This is why it’s described as universal or objective: the truth of the claim does not depend on individual or societal perspectives.

This differs from subjective relativism, which holds that moral judgments depend on each person’s own beliefs or on each culture’s standards; under that view, there aren’t universal norms that hold for everyone. Deontology, meanwhile, is a type of normative theory focused on duties and rules for action; while it can advocate universal duties in some forms, the question targets the status of universal moral norms themselves, which is best captured by moral objectivism. Justice is a concept describing fairness, not a position about the status of universal moral norms.