Which oath is historically associated with non-maleficence and confidentiality?

• A. Nuremberg Code
• B. Hippocratic Oath
• C. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• D. Belmont Report

Answer: (B)

The main idea being tested is which oath is historically tied to the duties of not harming patients and protecting their privacy. The Hippocratic Oath embodies these obligations, emphasizing a physician’s responsibility to abstain from causing harm and to keep patient confidences private, forming a foundational ethical framework for medical practice and trust.

The other items relate to different areas of ethics: the Nuremberg Code focuses on research ethics and voluntary informed consent, the Belmont Report outlines principles for research involving human subjects (respect for persons, beneficence, justice), and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a broad human rights document rather than an oath specific to medical practice.